Making Canada relevant again
Michael Petrou has a tete-a-tete with the woman reworking our foreign policy.
Michael Petrou
Citizen Special
March 21, 2005
Canada's long-awaited defence and foreign policy review is now in the hands of a young woman from Regina who has made good at the University of Oxford.
Jennifer Welsh, a professor of international relations, was given the task of advising Prime Minister Paul Martin's government on the policy review after the prime minister expressed frustration with the lack of vision in the review's current draft.
Ms. Welsh, born in 1965, is a one-time Young Liberal and campus organizer for the party in Saskatchewan. At the time, she knew David Herle, who is now a close adviser to Mr. Martin. But she says she hasn't spoken to Mr. Herle in years, and hasn't been involved with the Liberal party in almost two decades.
The professor's credentials speak for themselves. She is a Rhodes Scholar and a rising star in Oxford's department of international relations.
This day, Ms. Welsh is sitting in her sunlit office in Oxford's Sommerville College. Books and papers are strewn everywhere. Empty tea mugs line the shelves. And photographs of friends and family cover the walls and mirror.
She has just finished a one-on-one tutorial with a student, who leaves with a grin on his face as I walk in. Ms. Welsh is well respected by students at Oxford and is especially popular among the ex-pat Canadians at the university, one of whom called her "the best" professor in the department.
She won't talk specifically about her work on the policy review, other than to say she is "advising" the government. But she will discuss the direction she feels Canada must follow in international affairs.
One of Ms. Welsh's central ideas about Canada's foreign policy is outlined in her recently published book: At Home in the World: Canada's Global Vision for the 21st Century.
She says Canada can effect global change simply by being a "Model Citizen" -- a pluralistic liberal democracy with a strong social safety net. Ms. Welsh believes these values create a "magnetic effect" in other countries that will induce them to emulate and seek closer ties with Canada.
This strikes me as wishful thinking. The problem in so many of the tyrannies and dictatorships isn't a lack of will for change among the oppressed. It's a lack of will among their oppressors who have the power.
I have no doubt that the citizens of the Darfur province in Sudan wish their country were more like Canada. We might even call this a magnetic effect.
But wishing their country was different won't stop the slaughter in Sudan. Admiring Canada does nothing to stay the hand that wields the machete.
Natan Sharansky, who spent nine years as a political prisoner in the Soviet Union, described how, when Ronald Reagan called the Soviet Union an "Evil Empire," inmates passed on the news to each other in Morse code and were ecstatic.
Since sneaking into Iran last year to meet with democratic dissidents, I have read thousands of blogs and group e-mails that dissidents in Iran send to each other over the relatively safe anonymity of the Internet.
Statements from George W. Bush and other top U.S. politicians about Iran are widely circulated.
I am willing to bet no one in a Soviet gulag or an Iranian solitary confinement cell ever gave a toss about Canada's policies on bilingualism or health care.
If Canada is creating a "magnetic effect" on these countries, it's not reaching very many people.
I put these criticisms to Ms. Welsh, and she shoots back a retort that suggests she's no squishy multilateralist. Setting a good example is only part of what a model citizen must do, she says.
"There is no reason why a model citizen can't apply more coercive measures," she says.
"You can read into that concept that it's all about goodness and light and soft power, but I didn't write that. I wrote that model citizens pull their weight. I wrote that model citizens use force when it's appropriate. I wrote that model citizens actually pose conditionality in UN bodies. Model citizens impose sanctions and don't sanction-bust."
For the record, Ms. Welsh says she could support military intervention to stop the slaughter in Sudan, with or without the approval of the United Nations. "This is where I think there's a relationship between soft and hard power," she says. "Hard power isn't just military. But hard power gets at the idea that you can only achieve what you want to achieve through a bit of stick."
Ms. Welsh says multilateralism is valuable only as a means to an end. Too often, she says, Canadian foreign policy has focused on multilateralism for its own sake. It has put process over results.
She says Canada is simply not strong enough to easily pressure other countries on its own. Canada needs to work in concert with others.
This naturally brings up the question of just what Canada is contributing when it works with other nations, most notably the U.S.
In her book, written last June, Ms. Welsh suggests Canada should join the U.S. missile defence program.
But, since then, she's been hired by the government and now has nothing meaningful to say on the topic.
"I actually can't answer that," she says when asked about missile defence.
"It's a very touchy issue. We made a decision that our contribution to continental defence is better if it's focused on other things."
Ms. Welsh's reticence is understandable -- her contract with the government likely stipulates that she must keep her mouth shut -- but it's too bad.
She once made an articulate case for Canada being a part in the program. It would be interesting to hear what she honestly believes now.
When it comes to Canada's military contributions, Ms. Welsh agrees we need to spend more on our armed forces. But she also says we must revise our expectations about what our military can accomplish.
She says Canada should strive to have "the best small army in the world," but one "that may never fight or win a battle on its own."
"The kinds of roles that we're seeing our soldiers play are pretty different," she says.
"It's an army that is able to do humanitarian relief, stabilization, traditional peacekeeping and, if necessary, combat."
The problem with this vision is that most soldiers see their job from the opposite perspective: Their role is combat and, if necessary, everything else. If soldiers wanted to focus on humanitarian relief, presumably they would have joined the Peace Corps.
If we are to be a respected member of NATO and a credible ally on the world stage, our military needs a larger cash infusion than either Ms. Welsh or our current government appears ready to give it.
Parts of Ms. Welsh's manifesto for Canada, particularly relating to business and trade with the United States and the rest of the word, are excellent.
She says Canada and the United States should harmonize standards and regulations on labelling, workplace health and safety, and the environment to facilitate the free movement of products across our border.
She rightly condemns formal tariffs and agricultural subsidies that prevent poor countries from exporting their goods to Canada. Eliminating these, at a global level, would do more to help the developing world than any aid package or "new deal" for Africa.
Ms. Welsh recognizes that Canadian foreign policy is at a crisis point. We don't know what we stand for and we lack a vision for the future. Ms. Welsh gives us both, and for this she deserves praise.
But will the vision Ms. Welsh has for our foreign and defence policy do enough to halt or reverse our growing impotence and irrelevance in the world?
Since moving to Britain three years ago, I have been amazed by the gap between Canadians' perception of our country's importance and just how little anyone outside Canada cares.
Prior to the 2003 war in Iraq, for example, Canadian media ran dozens of stories about the "Canadian compromise," which was designed to bridge the gap between those who opposed and those who supported war in Iraq. I don't recall seeing so much as a mention of it in a British newspaper.
I believe stopping this slide into deeper global irrelevancy requires a massive change in our priorities, in our military commitments and in our relationship with the United States.
There's a lot I like about what Ms. Welsh is proposing. But I think many of her suggested solutions are not nearly as radical as they need to be.
I doubt any of this bothers her.
"It's highly debatable whether my depiction of what this is is right," she says.
"All I care is that we start talking about it."