"Many social scientists say that murder happens for a structural reason: easy access to easy-to-use weapons. Many people also blame firearms for emotional reasons....
But weapons, it turns out, have less to do with murder than do the attitudes of people, and their system of justice, in accepting or rejecting murder. The National Academy of Sciences concluded, "Available research does not demonstrate that greater gun availability is linked to greater numbers of violent events or injuries". Rates of murder depend not on numbers of guns, but on who possesses them. To reduce murder, the National Academy's Panel on the Understanding and Control of Violent Behaviour recommended that "existing laws governing the purchase, ownership, and use of firearms" be enforced.
More data separating guns from murder rates come from Robert J Mundt's study of homicide rates in twenty-five U.S. cities versus twenty-five similar-size Canadian cities. It revealed that among non-Hispanic Caucasians, murder rates were the same, despite the availability of handguns in the United States versus their longtime ban in Canada.
A classic demonstration that ready availability of guns does not, in itself, raise murder rates is a comparison of Switzerland, Japan, and England. Every able-bodied Swiss man is required to keep at home, for life, a fully automatic rifle or pistol plus ammunition. Yet among 6 million people privately owning 600,000 assault rifles, half a million pistols, and thousands of other guns, murders are extremely rare. Even gun suicides are low. Japan, with no guns, and Switzerland, which is heavily armed, have identical murder rates, 1.20 and 1.23 homicides per 100,000, respectively (less than half of the Swiss murders were shootings). England's homicide rate, also with most guns banned, was 1.35 per 100,000. In short, both in America and internationally, the presence of guns does not correlate with the murder rates....
When I started work on this book, I held the opinion that laws restricting handgun ownership were vital to curbing murder in America. It only makes sense, doesn't it? Not when one knows how men who decide to murder think."
Michael P. Ghiglieri, The Dark Side of Man: Tracing the Origins of Male Violence; pp 119-121.