On 1 September 1943, Pravda issues an announcement that "Army Group Poltava" has ceased to exist, destroyed due to traitorous conduct by key members of the STAVKA. Of the 'convicted', Zhukov is the most important one to be named. He and the others are hanged in Red Square, and a massive stalement akin to the front in World War One settles across Russia. Germany has its breathing space: for now.
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Situation: East Front. A stalemate akin to the trench warfare on the Western Front in the first world war stretches from Leningrad in the north to the Black Sea in the south. The Soviet Union had lost massive tank reserves and were again in a rebuilding stage in order to press home another offensive. The initial dates for the start of their latest offensive was to begin on 1 December 1943, however, due to the sheer numbers of lost tanks and crews, the date was postponed until sometime in the new year. In the meantime, the Germans were strengthening their positions and placing powerful mobile reserves behind the front in order to once again apply a "back hand blow" to any Soviet offensive, which they suspected to begin sometime around mid December.
In the West, the Allies had finally landed in Italy in early September. Their gains were less than expected initially. On the political front, the government in Rome surrendered following a coup that ousted Mussolini et al. The Germans reacted strongly, reinforcing their own forces in Italy such that they were able to occupy the entire nation, much as they had done with so many other nations they had already conquered.
In France, Rommel's staff, along with OB West, completed an extensive estimate as to the expected cross-channel invasion. For a timeline, they didn't expect any attempt to land until sometime in the spring. For a location, they dismissed outright the Pas de Calais. Although that area was closest to the shores of the UK, it was some distance from the ports that would be required to embark any invasion fleet. The unanimous opinion was that the area between Cherbourg and Le Havre (Normandy) was the obvious choice for any invasion. The beaches were suitable for landing draft, it was well within range for fighter support and the distance to the embarking ports was much closer than the Pas de Calais. As well, Cherbourg and Le Havre could serve initially as ports for supplying any invading army. Also curious was the rather rampant use of un encoded wireless traffic from Patton's "Army" opposite the Pas de Calais. Given the lack of traffic from anywhere else in the UK, it was obvious to Canaris and his staff that this was a ruse. Nevertheless, the armies in the Pas de Calais were readied in the event.
The Abwehr made a key intercept due to interrogations of captured Resistance leaders in France. Two lines of a poem by Verlain, Chanson d'Autumne, would indicate the landings. The BBC broadcast "messages" to the occupied nations, most of which were in fact coded instructions for the resistance. The first line, "Les sanglot longs des violons de l'automne" mean that the day would happen soon. The follow up, or executive would be broadcast within 48 hours of the invasion: "Blesse mon coeur d'une langueur monotone." Radio intercept units were listening intently for these lines. Chiefs of staff were instructed to put cancel leaves whenever the first line were heard. When the second line was intercepted, all units would go to maximum alert.
The months of winter 1943-1944 dragged on. Fighting in Italy was savage, but rather small scaled compared to the fighting of the previous years. The offensive in the East never materialised, which only bought time for the Germans. Their preparations for their defensive works were carried out. The only offensive action with any repurcussions at all was the intensifying of the seige at Leningrad. The Germans brought up their powerful railway guns to put pressure on the city. They reasoned correctly that any attempt on their part to attack the city would draw in Soviets like moths to a flame. Repeated attacks to break into the city failed miserably in the face of German opposition. In a military sense, the continued pressure on Leningrad did little. On a psychological and political sense, it drained the USSR of vital resources and effort in a fruitless mission.
At the home front of the US/UK bombing offensive over Germany, the autumn raids over Schweinfurt caused such loss that the US daylight raids ceased. The Wasserfall project was ready for initial implementation, however, the numbers were low. The Germans decided to place the missile batteries around the Ruhr and to use them exclusively at night: fighters would continue to form the first line of defence against any resumption of the US bomber offensive.
On the night of 1/2 December 1943, a UK raid over the Ruhr was engaged for the first time by Wasserfall. Night fighters initially conducted their intercepts as they followed the waves of bombers from the coast to the German border. As one British pilot commented later, they noticed that as soon as they entered German airspace, the fighter attacks ceased completely. At first the pilots reasoned that these fighters were called off and the next wave of fighters were simply delayed in making their intercept attempts. As they flew on, they became more and more suspicious of what was to await them. The normal 88mm FLAK was engaging them throughout their flight; however, there were no fighters at all.
As they passed over the Rhine on their terminal approaches to their targets, something aweful happened. As the pilot noted, a plane to his left suddenly erupted in a bright flash. A direct hit by FLAK would do that, and it wasn't all that rare of a sight, though disheartening. The pilot then noted a slow "tracer" arcing up from the ground towards them. It hit another plane directly and it too exploded. Looking around him, the pilot noted at least three other planes had burst into flame and were spiralling towards the earth. Little did he know that these were radar guided missiles, the "Wasserfall" in their first combat operation. Of 233 planes heading towards their target that night, 55 were destroyed by the Wasserfall intercepts. Combined with the 8 lost to night fighters and 3 to FLAK, the 28% casualty rate to the bombing force was totally unacceptable.
Thinking that the high rate was a freak of luck, the UK Bombers approached Germany again the next night. This time, of 198 planes, 68 were destroyed by Wasserfall, 4 to night fighers and 1 to FLAK. With a total of 37% of the force destroyed at night, UK Bomber Command suspended all bombing operations until they could figure out was the problem was.
On 8 December 1943, they amended their tactics such that they bombed military targets over France in anticipation of the invasion in the Spring: for the first time in years, the nights were quiet in Germany.
To Be Continued....