Green begins to fade
As costs rise, business cools to carbon tax, such as that outlined in Liberal Leader Stéphane Dion's plan
RICHARD BLACKWELL
From Monday's Globe and Mail
June 23, 2008 at 3:57 AM EDT
Canada's corporate executives have cooled in their enthusiasm for carbon taxes or "cap-and-trade" systems, as high oil prices and economic concerns make them leery of policies that will boost the cost of doing business.
The latest quarterly C-Suite survey of top executives shows that decision-makers are still keen on combatting climate change, but investing in new technologies is much preferred to government-imposed regulation.
The survey was conducted by the Gandalf Group for Report on Business and Business News Network.
"A carbon tax obviously would discourage the consumption of [carbon-based] products," said Peter Gillin, chief executive officer of Tahera Diamond Corp., "but with $140-a-barrel oil, to add to the cost over and above that clearly would be a significant burden."
Tahera, which is now under court protection from creditors, was severely hit by a 40-per-cent rise in fuel prices, Mr. Gillin said. While there were other factors in the firm's decline, high fuel costs "came right off the bottom line," he said.
Mr. Gillin's sentiments are reflected in the survey of CEOs, chief financial officers and chief operating officers.
The survey shows about 47 per cent support a carbon tax, down significantly from the 63 per cent who said it was a good idea in a C-Suite survey in February, 2007.
Fifteen months ago 21 per cent of executives "strongly" supported carbon taxes. That number is now down to 10 per cent.
Carbon taxes could emerge as a central issue in the next federal election, especially after Liberal Leader Stéphane Dion last week unveiled his proposed "carbon shift" - a carbon tax combined with broad-based tax cuts. The Conservatives, who have proposed a federal cap-and-trade system, have labelled his plan "crazy."
The C-Suite survey shows that executives are also less enthusiastic than they were 15 months ago about cap-and-trade systems that would set up a market for carbon credits.
Support has declined from 57 per cent to 47 per cent, in a little over year. This quarter's survey was conducted among 152 executives between May 27 and June 11.
The picture is similar when it comes to an endorsement of "cap-and-trade" systems that would set up a market for carbon credits. Support has declined from 57 per cent to 47 per cent in a little over a year.
There was the same drop in support - 57 per cent to 47 per cent - for Canada's abiding by the Kyoto accord, which would set strict limits on carbon emissions.
The numbers also show a regional divide when it comes to enthusiasm for carbon-reduction initiatives. In Quebec, support for these kinds of programs is far higher than elsewhere in the country.
Two-thirds of Quebec executives like the idea of a carbon tax, for example, with one-quarter "strongly supportive," the C-Suite survey showed. By contrast, less than 40 per cent of executives in the West approve of a carbon tax, with only 6 per cent expressing strong support.
"Generally Quebeckers are very environmentally-conscious" and they like to be perceived as "green," said José Mathieu, CEO of Montreal-based hybrid locomotive maker RailPower Technologies Corp. That general sentiment is shared by business executives in the province, he added.
Mr. Mathieu said cap-and-trade systems are crucial, because they force companies to measure and improve their emissions. "Carbon trading is like a speed limit on the road. If there is no limit, you can say to people 'Be prudent, don't drive fast, and be nice' but in the end it doesn't work."
Reasonable carbon limits won't kill the economy, but they will at least force some change, he said. "If we just say we are going to be greener, it means nothing and does nothing. Once you start to measure, it shows up and you can do something."
Other top executives are less enthusiastic than Mr. Mathieu.
Paul Langston, CEO of printed circuit-board maker Coretec Inc. in Toronto, described cap-and-trade systems as "a bit gimmicky."
As for carbon taxes, "people are smarting already from the inflation that is creeping into just about everything we buy and everything we do, as a result of the ramp in oil prices," Mr. Langston said.
At Coretec, "we've seen massive inflation on plastics, film and specialty chemicals," he said.
Nationally, almost 60 per cent of C-Suite respondents said a carbon tax would have a negative impact on their business. Only 7 per cent said it would have a positive impact.
Mr. Langston said governments should be putting more money into solar and wind power, to try to catch up to Europe. "We're laggards in that regard in Canada, that's for sure. You go anywhere in Europe and they are dealing with gas prices that are twice ours, and the use of solar energy and wind power is [much higher]."
The C-Suite survey showed very widespread support, from 89 per cent of respondents, for government-backed investments in emission-reduction technology. Eighty-five per cent of executives surveyed said they support building new nuclear plants, while 78 per cent backed major investments in wind and solar power.
Mr. Langston said one area where government could have a significant impact on the environment, at little incremental cost, would be to more tightly enforce existing regulations.
Businesses and communities need to be supervised much more aggressively, he said. "There are all sorts of opportunities to clean up the environment with what already exists," Mr. Langston said. "There are a lot of poorly governed businesses and enterprises out there that are polluting like crazy and never ever pay the piper. We could start cleaning that up first."
While most executives are supportive of some kind of government action on environmental issues, a few individuals still express skepticism about the links between carbon emissions and climate change.
Doug Rowe, CEO of Calgary-based Birch Mountain Resources Ltd., which sells limestone to companies operating in the oil sands in northern Alberta, said he's "on the fence on the effect of carbon emissions on climate change."
He said he's not sure a link has been "conclusively proved" and "I think there are other issues way beyond our control that more dramatically affect climate than carbon."
A far more pressing environmental issue, Mr. Rowe said, is the number of people on the planet, and the impact that over-population is having on the worldwide resource base, and on the global supply of food.
Other countries should follow China's example in limiting the number of children that its citizens can have, he said.
C-SUITE SURVEY
The quarterly C-Suite Survey was conducted for Report on Business and Business News Network by Gandalf Group, and sponsored by KPMG.
The survey interviewed 152 executives across the country between May 27 and June 11. Respondents were split evenly by company size, and represent all parts of the country.
The margin of error in the survey is plus or minus 7.3 per cent.
Executives in service industries represent 39 per cent of the sample, resource industries 39 per cent, and manufacturing industries 22 per cent. Each quarter, a charitable contribution is made on behalf of a survey participant.
Economy
Executives are slightly more optimistic about the Canadian economy than they were three months ago, but there is still much caution. Pessimism over the U.S. economy has tempered a little, although the vast majority of respondents expect a decline during the next year. Human resources issues remain the No. 1 corporate concern, followed by the high value of the Canadian dollar. Commodity prices have moved into third place.
Q: What are your expectations for the Canadian economy over the next 12 months?
Strong decline Moderate decline Moderate growth Strong growth
June, 2008 1% 39% 57% 1%
March, 2008 2% 43% 52% 1%
Q: What are your expectations for the U.S. economy over the next 12 months?
Strong decline Moderate decline Moderate growth Strong growth
June, 2008 20% 61% 18% -
March, 2008 28% 66% 6% 1%
Q: What is the biggest challenge facing your company right now?
Human resources: 18
Currency issues: 12
Commodity prices: 8
Cost of capital: 7
Managing growth: 6
Economic issues: 3
NOTE: CHARTS MAY NOT ADD UP TO 100 DUE TO ROUNDING
Politics
Business leaders' impressions of Finance Minister Jim Flaherty have slipped slightly during the latest quarter, mainly because of a dip among Ontario executives. Support for the Kyoto accord has decreased during the last 15 months, and executives think non-environmental issues should be higher on Ottawa's list of priorities. Maintaining a balanced budget is the most crucial issue, they say, followed by health and education.
Q: What is your impression of Jim Flaherty in his role as minister of finance?
Very unfavourable:
June, 2008: 9%
March, 2008: 11%
Somewhat unfavourable:
June, 2008: 22%
March, 2008: 19%
Neither
June, 2008: 28%
March, 2008: 19%
Somewhat favourable:
June, 2008: 31%
March, 2008: 45%
Very favourable:
June, 2008: 7%
March, 2008: 5%
Q: Do you think Canada should abide by the Kyoto Accord?
Don't know:
June, 2008: 7%
February, 2007: 1%
Strongly oppose:
June, 2008: 32%
February, 2007: 23%
Somewhat oppose:
June, 2008: 15%
February, 2007: 18%
Somewhat support:
June, 2008: 24%
February, 2007: 35%
Strongly support:
June, 2008: 23%
February, 2007: 22%
Q: What are the most important priorities for the federal government?
Balanced budget: 87
Health care wait times: 79
Labour force education: 79
Ease border constraints: 78
Increasing skilled immigrants: 72
Adequate supply of energy: 67
Improving the environment 67
Cutting corporate taxes: 65
Stimulating job creation: 60
Fighting climate change: 50
Controlling energy costs: 38
Carbon
Close to two-thirds of executives say oil prices have been a problem for their businesses. Almost as many feel a carbon tax would hurt them. They are more favourably inclined toward a cap-and-trade system. Better options, they say, include support for investments in emission-reducing technologies such as solar and wind power, building new nuclear plants, or helping Third World countries cut emissions.
Q: What is the impact of high oil prices on your business?
Don't know: 7%
A major problem: 20%
A major opportunity: 13%
A minor opportunity: 18%
A minor problem: 42%
Q: How would a cap and trade system impact your business?
Don't know: 5%
Very negative: 10%
Somewhat negative: 22%
No impact: 47%
Somewhat positive: 13%
Very positive: 3%
Q: How would a carbon tax impact your business?
Don't know: 3%
Very negative: 15%
Somewhat negative: 44%
No impact: 30%
Somewhat positive: 6%
Very positive: 1%
Q: Do you support these measures to combat climate change?
Investments in reducing emissions: 89
Building new nuclear plants: 85
Investments in wind and solar power: 78
Regulations to limit carbon 61
Investing in third world countries: 53
A cap and trade system: 47
Carbon tax: 47
Restrictions on oil sands growth: 33
KATHRYN TAM/THE GLOBE AND MAIL; SOURCE: GANDALF GROUP