Religious and mythological references
The twelve colonies are named after the astrological signs of the Greek zodiac; for example, Scorpia (Scorpio), Caprica (Capricornus), and Aquaria (Aquarius). Several of the characters in the series have names corresponding to significant characters in Greek mythology, including Apollo, Athena, and Cassiopeia. The word "Adama" in Hebrew (though pronounced, in Hebrew, "adama" with the stress on the final syllable) means earth (in the sense of soil) and is the root word for the word "man" or "mankind" ("adam").
The character Count Iblis in the 1978 series was inspired by the name for Satan (Iblis) in Islamic mythology.
In the 1978 pilot episode, the president of the Colonies referenced that they were "approaching the seventh millennium of time." Some Bible scholars assert the seven days of creation described in the Book of Genesis occurred in the fourth millennium B.C. If the universe began then, the 21st century would have marked the seventh millennium.
Less apparent are references to the mythology of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (more commonly known as the Mormon church). Original series producer Glen Larson is a member of this sect. Parallels include:
* Central to the plot of the series is a legendary thirteenth colony, somewhere far distant from the twelve that are known. In Mormonism, there is no doctrinal or cultural reference to a 'Thirteenth Tribe'. But there are some parallels that may have inspired this 'Thirteenth Tribe' idea:
o In the Tanakh, Yisra'el had twelve sons. Yosef received a double inheritance and the Tribe of Yosef was split into the tribes of Efraym and M'nashe. When Moshe led them from Egypt back to the Promised Land, they are divided into thirteen divisions (but only twelve tribes for purposes of inheritance---due to their service in the Temple, the Tribe of Levi received no inheritence).
o The Book of Mormon alleges during the reign of king Zedekiah (about 600 BC), two separate groups left (Helaman 8:21, 22) Jerusalem and supposedly ended up in the Americas and became the Native Americans (Helaman 6:10); a remnant (or 'thirteenth tribe') of the twelve tribes of Israel.
* A Council of Twelve, headed by a president, governs the colonies. A president who is assisted by two counselors and a Quorum of the Twelve Apostles preside over the Mormon Church.
* The beings on the Ship of Light say, "as you are, we once were; as we are, you may one day be", a parallel to the Mormon belief that even God was once a human being.
* The system which is believed to be the original home of the human race is Kobol. In Mormon mythology, the star closest to the Throne of God is called Kolob.
* The series often refers to the Gods. Mormon mythology believes in multiple gods.
* In the 1980 series, a character says "The Glory of the Universe is knowledge." This mirrors a passage in the LDS Scriptures which says "The glory of God is intelligence", (Doctrine and Covenants 93:36), which is also one of the mottos of Brigham Young University.
Other references include:
* The pagan gods predominantly worshipped by the people of the colonies, the twelve Lords of Kobol, appear to mirror the Twelve Olympians of Greek Mythology (the twelve principal gods in the Greek pantheon). This is drawn from references by the characters to worshipping such deities as Artemis and Apollo.
* An important plot point in the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica is that the humans of the Twelve Colonies worship a pantheon of pagan gods, similar or identical to the Greek pantheon, whereas the Cylons worship a single god.
* The show's concept, that of a group of refugees searching for a new homeland and led by a famed military commander, could arguably have its roots in Virgil's Aeneid, part of the mythology surrounding Rome's beginnings.
* Colonial Warriors (Galactica's Viper pilots) wear a patch on the right shoulder of their flight jacket of a Shri chakra, a yantra.
* "Adar", the name of Colonial President, is the final month of the Hebrew Calendar.
* Kamala (the extract that the President takes for her cancer) is the Hindi word for lotus. The lotus, in both Buddhism and Hinduism, is a divine symbol and has many mythical associations. The chief lotus myths revolve around the lotus as a symbol of creation.
[edit] Political references