Actually, Bruce and SKT are the ones full of s*&^ on this one.
You cannot simultaneously say that Quebec is the greatest beneficiary on the one hand and has some of the highest taxes on the other hand. One statement is in aggregate and the other one on a per capita basis, so cannot be compared. And since equalization is set up on the basis of taxation, it is - and has always been derived and paid on a per capita basis.
To say in that context that Quebec is the largest beneficiary of Equalization is like saying that Ontarians are the most taxed Canadians by far, since they contribute 250 billion dollars to the overall Canadian 600 billion dollars raised in Federal/aggregate provincial revenues raised last year. Of course they did: because they are 40% of the country's population. BTW, Quebec would be the second payer in aggregate terms with 18% of all aggregate tax payments, for a total of 105 billions, far ahead of Alberta which only pays 65 billions.
Do I need to stress that looking at it that way is ridiculous? Per capita is and has always been the proper way to look at it. And on that basis (which is the way it is calculated in Ottawa anyway), on a per capita basis, Quebec currently is the province that gets the least equalization, at about $1400 per person, followed by Manitoba at about $1550 per person, and it goes downhill from there with the maritime provinces (NL excluded) at about 2600, and PEI at a little over 3000 - followed not even closely by the three territories at $8,000 per person.
And all that is only calculated to provide a taxation revenue for the provision of the Government of Canada nationally mandated programs covered by equalization, such as the Health Act, so that those specific mandated program are about equal in standards and availability across Canada. The Child Care program in Quebec is not covered or included: Quebecers pay for it all by themselves, which is why now that the federal government wants to enter the fray, it will have to compensate Quebec on the same financial basis it will provide in the other provinces. It is not a bonanza for Quebec. it is a fair share of a new national program.
And how does Quebec pay for all its extra stuff then? We tax ourselves.
Interestingly enough, there is something called the Tax Effort index. What it is is the following: If you take the tax base of each province as calculated by the Equalization formula (and that includes exactly the same elements in each province) and then you look at how much of this is actually taxed across the country and average it. You then go back to each province and see - in that specific province - how much the citizens of that province are asked to contribute in taxes in relation to the average national "effort". In that index, for the last year I found -2017 - Quebec required the greatest effort of all from its citizen, requiring a tax contribution of 127% of the national average. The least effort was that required of Albertans, at 72% of the national average tax effort. Once again: Quebec has more programs because we have accepted to tax ourselves to get them.