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Tom
---- Original Message -----
From: "AOB" <awpaob@telus.net>
Sent: Monday, March 21, 2005 11:39 PM
Subject: Copy of Letter from Justice Minister.
> Self explanatory Ladies and Gentlemen
> The Honourable / Lhonorable Irwin Cotler, PC., O.C., M.P./c.p., o.c.,
depute
> Ottawa, Canada K1A 0H8
> MAR 1 5 2005
>
Dear Sir:
The office of my colleague the Honourable Anne McLellan, Deputy Prime
Minister and Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness,has
forwarded to me a copy of your correspondence, addressed to the Honourable
David Kilgour, enquiring whether a citizen is legally able to protect
himself in a home invasion type situation. I regret the delay in responding.
The criminal laws of Canada permit the use of force in defence of a
person's home. Section 40 of the Criminal Code provides that a person in
lawful possession of a dwelling house is justified in using reasonable
force to prevent someone from forcibly breaking in to the dwelling house.
Section 41, further, provides that such a person is justified in using
reasonable force to prevent someone from trespassing on that
property, or to remove someone who is already trespassing.
In addition to wanting to defend the integrity of the house itself,the
person inside the house is likely to also fear for their safety and the
physical integrity of others inside the house in a home invasion situation.
In this regard, you may also be interested to know that section 34 of the
Criminal Code provides the basic defence of self-defence. Selfdefence
allows for the use of reasonable force to defend against an assault, which
includes both actual force on a person against their will as well as an
attempt or threat to apply force.
Both self-defence and defence of property clearly allow a person to respond
to force, actual or threatened, with force of their own. Where these
defences apply, they excuse behaviour that would otherwise be criminal,
such as assault or even homicide. It is, however, necessary that the force
used in response to the threat be reasonable. Factors such as whether or
not the invader had a weapon, the threat posed by the invader, the
vulnerability of the defender, and the defender's options for defending
himself and his house would certainly be relevant considerations in
determining whether the response of the homeowner was reasonable. The final
determination of what is reasonable, however, will of necessity vary
according to the specific circumstance of a given incident. Each case would
therefore have to be considered on its own.
I appreciate having had your concerns brought to my attention. Yours
> sincerely,
> A~~- ~ CVtQVA.
> Irwin Cotler
EDIT: JUST CLEANED IT UP, TEXT AS IS
MB Edit: Removed name & address.