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Naval Icebreakers

bubbling systems reduce the friction and HP needed, but ice is tough and brute force will be needed until we have a cheap death ray!
 
The Svalbard and its double-acting, Azipod equipped brethren from the Kvaerner Yards use their propellers like augers to chew their way into ice ridges while backing into the ridge.  The Svalbard can handle ridges up to 4 m thick this way.  It doesn't use its weight like the Louis St-Laurent or the Healy.  It virtually drills through the ice.

http://www.sname.org/sections/texas/Meetings/2007/Feb/Potential%20Use%20of%20Ice%20Class%20Carriers.pdf


Edited to add presentation on Azipods - Beware - converted Powerpoint presentation.
 
http://www.akerarctic.fi/publications/pdf/Poac99XOblique.pdf

And there is this idea - an assymetrical breaker that goes through the ice beam-on so that a small breaker can punch a path for a big ship.

But as the article says itself:

"For the initial creative phase it was the intention to forget all limitations, but in the end some restrictions cannot be avoided: breaking thick ice requires brute force and power, and mass, Azipod propulsion provides ideal means for producing these, and the Law of Archimedes must be obeyed."
 
The problem with using your props is that anything other than new ice is really strong, and a Canadian icebreaker had it's hull ripped open and the US Polar Star sheared a blade off of it's prop both from hitting old ice. River ice and open water multi-year ice are to different things.
 
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