For reference to the discussion of a properly thought out Proportional Representation ( PR ) system.
Proportional representation systems
Description: As its name suggests, proportional representation (PR) systems seek to closely match a political party’s vote share with its seat allocation in the legislature. PR systems tend to vary and the method for calculating seat distribution can range from simple to complex. Proportional representation systems are not based on single-member constituencies. Citizens generally vote for more than one candidate or for a political party.
Examples: Examples of proportional representation systems include Single Transferable Vote (STV) and List Proportional Representation (List PR).
Current use example: Australia – upper house (STV) and Sweden (List PR)
The country is divided into multi-member electoral districts (i.e., multiple candidates are elected in each electoral district).
In this example, each district elects three members to the House of Commons. In one electoral district, there are five candidates running for three seats. Electors would rank the candidates based on their preferences (e.g., the elector’s first preference would be ranked “1” and the least-preferred candidate ranked “5”).
Count 1:
To be elected, three candidates need to meet or exceed the vote quota. A vote quota is determined based on a formula involving votes cast and the number of available seats.
If a candidate exceeds the vote quota based on first-preference votes, they are elected.
Extra Count: Step 1
If a candidate wins a seat by exceeding the vote quota, the second-preference votes on the excess ballots of the elected candidate are reallocated to the remaining candidates to determine whether another candidate reaches the vote quota.
Extra Count: Step 2
If no candidate exceeds the vote quota, the candidate which has the least number of votes is eliminated and the second preference votes on the ballot of the eliminated candidate are reallocated to the respective candidates, until a candidate reaches the vote quota.
The extra count process continues until the requisite number of candidates are elected in the electoral district.
The country is divided into multi-member electoral districts (i.e., multiple candidates are elected in each electoral district).
In this example, each district elects three members to the House of Commons. In one electoral district, there are five candidates running for three seats. Electors would rank the candidates based on their preferences (e.g., the elector’s first preference would be ranked “1” and the least-preferred candidate ranked “5”).
Count 1:
To be elected, three candidates need to meet or exceed the vote quota. A vote quota is determined based on a formula involving votes cast and the number of available seats.
If a candidate exceeds the vote quota based on first-preference votes, they are elected.
Extra Count: Step 1
If a candidate wins a seat by exceeding the vote quota, the second-preference votes on the excess ballots of the elected candidate are reallocated to the remaining candidates to determine whether another candidate reaches the vote quota.
Extra Count: Step 2
If no candidate exceeds the vote quota, the candidate which has the least number of votes is eliminated and the second preference votes on the ballot of the eliminated candidate are reallocated to the respective candidates, until a candidate reaches the vote quota.
The extra count process continues until the requisite number of candidates are elected in the electoral district.
Ontario Premier Doug Ford says he stopped taking French lessons as a safety precaution during the pandemic but has promised to do everything he can to learn the language.
Ontario Premier Doug Ford says he stopped taking French lessons as a safety precaution during the pandemic but has promised to do everything he can to learn the language.
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