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Canadian Military/Defence procurement process (Mega Thread)

sandyson said:
Can't have a procurement plan without an underlying plan for national defence.  What Canadian thinks that our territory could be threatened?  We don't need a plan. 'National Defence' is all whimsy.

Beating your swords into plowshares will only work when everyone agrees to the same action and foreswears the use of bricks, bats, and boomerangs at the same time.  At the moment, your statement is correct but consider any number of consequences predicted by the doom and gloom squad over at the Global Warming department.  Floods, drought, heat waves increased hurricanes, fires have all been listed as a consequence of temperature warming.  We have dry high ground, great food growing capabilities, minerals, raw materials and most of all fresh water.  In that apocalyptic world being predicted don't you think there is a possibility that someone is going to want to take some of those things and won't be willing to pay for them? 

A second thing to consider is the fate of those nations with whom we have treaty agreements: our friends.  Whilst we may be protected by the shear logistical nightmare of having to cross 2500 miles of open water many of our friends are not so fortunate.  Friends help each other and yes, they stick up for each other even when that friendship may result in bloodshed.  what is true in the schoolyard is equally true in global politics.  If we don't help our friends then we really aren't very good friends are we?    The global population has yet to make it through even a single year without some form of turf war breaking out.  Eventually one of those  turf wars will involve either us or our friends.  Preparing an army/navy/air force is not something that can be done overnight.  It takes decades to equip and train.  When trouble starts, and eventually it will, if you haven't already got it, its too late to get it. 
 
The latest:  PWGSC sets up brain trust to "better inform future procurement and support the review and validation of Key Industrial Capabilities" ....
.... In announcing the interim (Defence Analytics Institute) DAI, Minister Finley also announced its board of directors:

- Tom Jenkins, Chairman for OpenText Corporation, as the Chair of the interim Defence Analytics Institute
- Tim Page, President of the Canadian Association of Defence and Security Industries (CADSI)
- Christyn Cianfarani, Director, Government Programs, Research and Development and Intellectual Property, CAE Inc.
- Iain Christie, Executive Vice-President of the Aerospace Industries Association of Canada (AIAC)
- Peter Gartenburg, Vice-President, Ottawa Operations, L-3 Communications
- Dr. Craig Stone, Director of Academics and Associate Dean of Arts, Canadian Forces College
- Dr. David Bercuson, Director of the University of Calgary’s Centre for Military and Strategic Studies
- Dr. Janice Stein, Director of the Munk School of Global Affairs at the University of Toronto
- Dr. Louis Bélanger, Professor of Political Science at Université Laval and Director of the Quebec Institute for Advanced International Studies ....
 
And here is how you sustain a successful Military Industrial Complex in a small market country (that once used to be "neutral")

Sensors Symposium 2014


(Source: FMV; issued March 24, 2014)
 


The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration – FMV – arranges the Sensors Symposium 2014 in co-operation with the Swedish Armed Forces. The Symposium is organized biennially. The objective is to raise the competence of the armed forces' and defence organisations' personnel regarding our sensor systems and the information they generate. Sensors Symposium 2014 will look into the capability needs of the Swedish Armed Forces for the next ten to fifteen years. It will also address the priorities identified by other nations.

The development of new sensor systems for a changed military environment, with new challenges, is the focus of this year’s event. Based on the Swedish Armed Forces’ Long Term Planning report 2013, a handful of areas have been identified as specifically important; and the presentations will be chosen to cover the capability requirements, possible technical solutions and what the civilian market can offer (or not) to the required defence research and development.

Programme

Sensors Symposium 2014 will look into the capability needs of the Swedish Armed Forces for the next ten to fifteen years. It will also address the priorities identified by other nations.

Identified capability areas will include all forces but the main focus will be on the ground forces. It is inevitable that some capabilities cannot be reached without a joint vision.

A knowledge, that has come to be more and more recognized over the last years, is that single sensor types or stand-alone systems are not adequate when compared to the possibilities offered by multi-sensors, sensor suites or combined sensors.

We will also address sensor systems architecture as one important area and new technologies like 3D and multi- and hyperspectral imaging.

Experiences from fielded systems or tests with new capability concepts will complement the more technical presentations.

The symposium will be held over two days. All presentations will be held in English, with one or two possible exceptions.

-ends-

Defence-Aerospace

10 to 15 year lead time

Components within the national competence

Components with national utility

Components with international utility

Reputation of national forces for procuring good, solid kit.

Reputation of national suppliers for producing good, solid kit.

Solid international track record for delivery

Solid international track record for deal-making.

Do I like the Swedes?  You betcha.
 
Wolseleydog said:
@ Kirkhill,  What do you mean "once used to neutral"?

I think he means that during the Cold War Sweden called itself "neutral" in meaning it wasn't part of NATO nor was it part of the Warsaw Pact.
 
Spot on R A F Guy...  ;D

Wolseleydog - the Swedes have been "neutral" in the sense of "unaligned" since approximately 1812.  That should not be taken to infer they are pacifist.  Far from it. 

The Americans long for the splendid isolation that separates them from European Wars.  The Swedes, like the Swiss - strangely related tribes with some of the the Swiss actually being Swedes that wandered into the mountains when Rome was losing its grip - the Swedes have managed to maintain their isolation while sitting on the doorstep of two of the world's most vicious* nations - Russia and Germany.  This they did by being diplomatically smart,  commercially cunning and devious and militarily strong.

*Historically speaking of course.  Far be it from me to suggest that the modern heirs to either of those nations are anything but caring and enlightened.
 
For those that have missed it, here is the new Defense Acquisition guide released by the government

http://www.forces.gc.ca/en/business-defence-acquisition-guide/index.page
 
Since when has the Carl Gustav been a rocket launcher?  :facepalm:

Objective

The 84mm Ammunition Project will provide new Smoke, Illumination and Anti-Structure ammunition types to be fired using the existing 84mm Carl Gustaf portable rocket launcher
.



Gag!!! Holy Mother of F**K  20-49 million to buy a frickin bolt action rifle!!!!!

Objective

The project will replace the Canadian Ranger's Lee Enfield rifle.
Requirements

The project will procure a new robust bolt action rifle, ammunition and accessories for the Canadian Rangers.  The new weapon will replace existing capability and enhance Canadian Ranger Patrol Groups ability to operate in Canada's remote regions.
Preliminary Estimate

    $20 million to $49 million

Anticipated Timeline

    2015
        Implementation Approval
        Contract Award
    2019
        Final Delivery

Point of Contact

Director Land Requirements
Phone: 819-994-4225
 
Well, it technically fires rockets, although a "recoilless rifle" is the more accurate term.
 
Colin P said:
Since when has the Carl Gustav been a rocket launcher?  :facepalm:

Since about the mid 1990's when RAP ammunition came into common use in the CAF. Of course to be pedantic, it is a recoilless cannon firing rocket assisted projectiles, but that might confuse the Hoi polloi...
 
ah ok then I got out in 87 prior to that ammo being introduced, I did use the 3.5RL in my recruit course and of course the M72
 
The problem is twofold.

Number one, we have perverse incentives in place at all levels to make procurment as difficult as possible. Everything from a person milking "Clothe the Soldier" from a two year project to an entire military career (how else does it take 12 years to field a rucksack?), Bryzantine TB rules, "Regional offsets" and the fact that half the time the buyers (us) can't even make up their freaking minds as to what they want.

Then we compount the problem by buying in such small quantities that the units are pretty much hand crafted and bespoke items. If you built Honda Civics like that they would cost $47,000 each as well (before floor mats, undercoating, delivery and taxes). We never get economies of scale on anything, even anything that could be conceivably be combined with other orders so assembly line production could take place.

The layers of bureaucratic overhead, bespoke production and glacial pace of procurment are all making the Armed Forces virtually unaffordable anymore. If the incentive structure were to change and a different procurment and management process was rewarded then we might see somthing like the story of SpaceX vs ULA. SpaceX has produced and built a medium lift rocket (Falcon 9) from scratch and sells launch services to orbit on the beast for $50 million a launch. ULA uses an updated verion of the 50 year old Atlas V with similar performance but charges $400 million per launch. (Since the Falcon 9 can also carry the manned Dragon space capsule to orbit, if I were head of the Canadian
Space Agency I would be making a few inquiries as to when the certification process will be finished. Unmaned Dragon capsules have already flown to orbit and back).

Since the technology is essentially the same, the vast cost differences are really due to management and the internal structure and bureaucracy of the two companies. If *we* could get our defense contractors to operate like SpaceX, things would be a lot better all around for us.
 
I am not so sure the changes, as described here, are really a good thing for defence getting what it needs.  Cash-flow into communities seems to hold too much weight next to capability and performance.

New military procurement rules hailed
Francois Shalom
The Gazette (Montreal)
25 Nov 2014

It's out with IRBs and in with value proposition.

Ottawa's requirements for military contracts will shift soon from so-called industrial regional benefits (IRBs) to proof that Canadian companies can add unique content, Infrastructure Minister Denis Lebel told assembled defence and security industry executives Monday.

The procurement process for military contracts in Canada has long been based on IRBs. That meant that regional suppliers in Canada signed up to provide content to a defence contract like the huge deal announced by Ottawa in 2010 to buy 65 F-35 fighter jets from Lockheed Martin Corp.

The new rules, labelled value proposition, are designed to simplify military supply contracts to make sure Canadian armed forces get the right equipment and to use Ottawa's "defence materiel purchases to create jobs and ensure the economic growth of Canada," Lebel said.

IRBs were widely seen as having been ineffective and exaggerated by companies eager to secure lucrative contracts.

"So instead of waiting until the acquisition phase (of a contract), we'll consult with potential suppliers starting at the instant at which the need for equipment has been established."

Technologies developed should be advanced, innovative and exportable from Canada, said Christyn Cianfarani, president of the Canadian Association of Defence and Security Industries.

"The whole purpose is that now, you can't win a bid without identifying the Canadian content. You can't get in the door without high value added."

Suzanne Benoit, president of Aero Montreal, which represents Quebec's aerospace industry, said that the new rules "will be a big boost for Quebec. We have a great number of innovative small and medium-size firms."

The sector contributes $12.1 billion to the economy annually and employs 43,500 people in Quebec, including at more than 200 SMEs.

Cianfarani said that the rules are part of a progressive rollout of a comprehensive industrial policy.

"We're all waiting for that, it's the most anticipated piece of the policy for us."

"We think it's quite close, but they haven't told us when" it will come into effect.

Sue Dabrowski, business development manager for software firm Mannarino Systems Software Inc. of St-Laurent, recounted "very frustrating" obstacles that many SMEs face when dealing with U.S. defence firms.

Software codes for military systems are highly secret, making it hard for companies like hers to do work for the owners of the systems, like Sikorsky helicopters.

Despite being approved in record time to work on the helicopters, Sikorsky's parent company, United Technologies Corp., refused to disclose the source codes to Mannarino or to let them reverse engineer the system.

"In the end, we didn't get a dollar's worth out of them."

 
While this might be good for the Canadian economy I don't think in the long run it will be good for the military.  There are just some industries that are not very prevalent in Canada due to its small sales base but are numerous in Europe and the States.  So we might be forced to purchase a lesser quality good just because it happens to be made in Canada over an ideal product that is made in the States.
 
I think/hope it will be better than the IRB solution.

The IRB solution relied on some Canadian finding ways for offshore suppliers to spend money in Canada.  The net effect was to "double" the cost of imported goods.  The extra cost came out of DND's budget, was washed through the vendor and the Canadian middle man to buy paper clips and fund "chairs" at universities.

The Value Proposition should result in Canadian companies having to prove that they can meet an identified DND requirement with a solution that doesn't exist anywhere else and can be exported to the benefit of Canada as a whole.  If the Canadians can supply value then the procurement should go to the offshore supplier.
 
Nationalists will scream but perhaps our best strategy would be to eliminate most of our procurement processes all together and simply buy what the Americans are buying.  This could be for most items from boots to bullets, missiles, aircraft, vehicles, etc. 

Unless we're willing and able to keep enough of these items to maintain wartime stock levels we'll have to rely on the US for replacements in time of war anyway.  Why not have as much of an integrated supply chain as possible in advance rather than having to switch to US supplied equipment and materials when our initial stocks are destroyed/burned up. 

 
dangerboy said:
While this might be good for the Canadian economy I don't think in the long run it will be good for the military.  There are just some industries that are not very prevalent in Canada due to its small sales base but are numerous in Europe and the States.  So we might be forced to purchase a lesser quality good just because it happens to be made in Canada over an ideal product that is made in the States.
Agreed - anything less than a "Canada-first" policy would be a political/vote loser in Canada.
 
It may be that the government is getting close, closer anyway, to an economically sound defence procurement policy. But it is important to bear in mind that good economics is rarely coincident with good politics.

In a perfect world the Department would present the government with a list of reasonably well expressed operational requirements ... for example:

    Example only:

    "We need two supply ships/oilers of something very, very like the Berlin class which originally cost about $500M each and which we should be able to build for $1B each;"

    "We need two more multi-purpose support shops, perhaps akin to the UK's Bay class landing ship which originally cost about $250M each and which we should be able to build for $750M each;"

    "We need six Arctic Offshore Patrol Ships which should cost less than $4.5 B;"

    "We need eight general purpose combatants of about 5,00 tons, perhaps like the Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen class frigate which originally cost about $600M each and which we should be able to buy/build for about $1.25B each;"

    "We need eight corvettes (about 1,500 tons), perhaps like the German Braunschweig class corvette which originally cost about $350M each and which we estimate we could build for about $750M each;"

    "We need six air independent propulsion submarines, something like the German Type 212 submarine which cost about $600M and which we should be able to buy for about $900M each;" and

    "We need several more training vessels of something like th current Orca class and a smaller version for operations by Naval Reserve Divisions in rivers and lakes."

It is then up to the government to take DND's $30B+ guesstimate and return a counter-offer, say, $27.5B over n years, and then allow Supply and Service to get the ships DND finally says it must have for the money the government says it can have.

There should be money used for job creation and to directly, legally subsidize Canadian industry ~ and all that money should come from Industry Canada's budget, which will need to increase substantially.

Reputable economist teach that subsidies that are built into projects distort both costs and values. Project money should be kept fairly 'pure,' that is to say NO regional subsidies. Please remember that there is no such things as "regional industrial benefit" ministers and generals and corporate titans all talk about them but they (admirals, bureaucrats and business leaders and, especially, politicians) all fall into one (sometimes both) of two categories: either they lie or they are stupid. They all think we are stupid and will believe them .... 99% of us do.

We are allowed, under international law, to directly subsidize our national security; military projects are almost always exempt from almost all trade law. Liberals may not like but no one who really cares what Liberals think.
 
E.R. Campbell said:
It may be that the government is getting close, closer anyway, to an economically sound defence procurement policy. But it is important to bear in mind that good economics is rarely coincident with good politics.

In a perfect world the Department would present the government with a list of reasonably well expressed operational requirements ... for example:

    Example only:

    "We need two supply ships/oilers of something very, very like the Berlin class which originally cost about $500M each and which we should be able to build for $1B each;"

    "We need two more multi-purpose support shops, perhaps akin to the UK's Bay class landing ship which originally cost about $250M each and which we should be able to build for $750M each;"

    "We need six Arctic Offshore Patrol Ships which should cost less than $4.5 B;"

    "We need eight general purpose combatants of about 5,00 tons, perhaps like the Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen class frigate which originally cost about $600M each and which we should be able to buy/build for about $1.25B each;"

    "We need eight corvettes (about 1,500 tons), perhaps like the German Braunschweig class corvette which originally cost about $350M each and which we estimate we could build for about $750M each;"

    "We need six air independent propulsion submarines, something like the German Type 212 submarine which cost about $600M and which we should be able to buy for about $900M each;" and

    "We need several more training vessels of something like th current Orca class and a smaller version for operations by Naval Reserve Divisions in rivers and lakes."

It is then up to the government to take DND's $30B+ guesstimate and return a counter-offer, say, $27.5B over n years, and then allow Supply and Service to get the ships DND finally says it must have for the money the government says it can have.

There should be money used for job creation and to directly, legally subsidize Canadian industry ~ and all that money should come from Industry Canada's budget, which will need to increase substantially.

Reputable economist teach that subsidies that are built into projects distort both costs and values. Project money should be kept fairly 'pure,' that is to say NO regional subsidies. Please remember that there is no such things as "regional industrial benefit" ministers and generals and corporate titans all talk about them but they (admirals, bureaucrats and business leaders and, especially, politicians) all fall into one (sometimes both) of two categories: either they lie or they are stupid. They all think we are stupid and will believe them .... 99% of us do.

We are allowed, under international law, to directly subsidize our national security; military projects are almost always exempt from almost all trade law. Liberals may not like but no one who really cares what Liberals think.

Mr. Campbell,

I just read your propositions to my D9er, a lady of "a certain age" and considerable intelligence.  She cheerfully ignores me most of the time.

I didn't get past your second proposition concerning the Bay class ships and she interrupted me (another common occurence - she considers me long-winded): "Why do they cost so much?"  I still can't answer that question in a cogent manner.  Even as I agree with you that those constitute fair statements of reality.

They describe the point at which Keynesian economics become so attractive to politicians that the hard-nosed Austrians can't effectively compete.

But here's the real question in my mind: Is there any real appetite for pulling back the curtain and exposing the Wizard?

I don't think that a public statement by CAF to the Government, couched in those terms, would be well received.  In fact I think the authors could find themselves dismissed.

What, I believe, you are essentially proposing is to make plain that people on welfare are going to be paid exorbitant sums to perform unnecessary work.  They will be put on the payroll of a very large government funded project and paid - for what they are paid is immaterial.  I wouldn't be at all surprised to discover that there are two or more sub-contractors paid to dig holes while others fill them in.

The reason I question if anyone wants to lay those secrets bare is founded in Ed Milliband's problems with Labour supporters in Britain.

When Maggie threw Arthur's coal miners out of work they retained their hate but bought a white van and created their own jobs. Those people all aspired to get out of the pits in any event and become middle class types just like Maggie, the shop keeper's daughter.  They hated Maggie because she denied them the opportunity to get out of the pits on their own terms and forced them out on her terms.  They got what they wanted but not the way they wanted it.

Curiously Maggie was just like them.  That doesn't stop the hate.  And it won't.

What it did do was drive them out of the arms of the Fabian Society.  The Shavian Socialists discovered that they no longer had a reliable constituency for which to do good works.  Their constituents increasingly saw them as the Lords of Manors, some of whom were acceptable in that they were to the manor born for centuries and some of whom, like the Millibands, Brown and Blair, were upstarts that merely aspired to the manor.  And there is nothing that a British socialist detests more than people who don't know their place.  It makes it that much harder for the hard-grafting unemployed miner to get on in the world.  They are forever putting barriers in the way of a bit of honest graft.  They clamp down on men with white vans by demanding certification and recorded transactions when all they were trying to do was earn a bit of beer money fixing the neighbour's plumbing.  The white van men are no worse than the wreckers of Cornwall, the smugglers of the Broads and the pot men of Ayrshire.  A pox on Dragoons and Excisemen.

This has all recently come to the fore in Britain over this case:

Labour party at war over Emily Thornberry’s ‘snobby’ tweet
Party ranks descend into attacks after Thornberry was accused of mocking Rochester house draped with England flags

What Labour has discovered is that even the lower classes have their pride and are very traditionally minded.  They don't want to live on handouts.  They would rather do illegal work than accept hand outs.  And they reserve special resentment for those that will not work - native Brits and foreigners alike.  The Shavians have lost Scotland to the Scots socialists.  And now they are losing the North of England and Wales to Farage's UKIP.  And a good chunk of that is being attributed to universities not understanding white vans, wreckers and pot stills.

I fear that if your proposition were ever to become public then the Canadian descendants of those Ayrshire pot men and Cornish wreckers would end up punishing the politicians that agreed to be so blatant.  You would be wounding them in the two places that matter most: their purse and their pride.

Their purse, obviously, because you are stealing money from those that graft to give to those that won't and in their pride because you are saying that the only way Canadians can get a job is through workfare, inefficiently administered.

(I told you the wife was intelligent.  I am long-winded).  :nod:




 
Procurement consists of supplying people with ordnance, "launchers" and platforms so that they can bring deadly effect to the nation's enemies in a variety of environments and then maintaining all that kit and training the people.

Projects rack up the dollars when they incorporate the costs of all of the above over an indeterminate period (ie the cost of defending Canada until the sun goes extinct will require more zeroes than I have time for).

What would happen if we were to take advantage of the Danish Stanflex system and have procurement cut across environments so that rather the RCN, CA and RCAF driving projects according to their environmental assessments we were to subdivide the capital portion of the budget into ordnance, launchers and platforms.

The Services would be responsible for the platforms but the launchers and the ordnance would be the responsibility of, for lack of a better term, the Board of Ordnance.

You have in the system a variety of missiles (gun launched and rocket propelled) that really don't care what platform they are launched from (sea-going, airborne, truck mounted or armoured).  Increasingly the launchers accomodate a variety of missiles with a variety of effects (caliber bedammed).

The system already incorporates 155, 105, 84, 81, 76, 57, 40, 25, 12.7, 9, 8.6, 7.62, and 5.56 projectiles. 
It also incorporates Sidewinders, Sparrows, SeaSparrows, ESSMs, AMRAAMs, SM-2s and Harpoons.

What would happen if the Board of Ordnance were responsible for acquiring Stanflex type modules that could be mounted on ships or ashore, much after the fashion of the NASAMs system or the Skyshield system?

Similar logic might be applied to sensors, Giraffe and Sea-Giraffe come to mind, along with EO sensors.

This would separate the weapons from the platforms and allow the weapons to be ported from one aging platform to a new platform, thereby eliminating the need to buy new systems, new ammunition, new training facilities, new storage facilities every time a new platform is procured.

It would also mean that the weapons could be ported from ship to shore according to task or ship to ship according to threat assessment.

It would also mean standardizing of weapons.

It would also mean that weapons modernization would be in the hands of one board - for good or for ill. 

One area that I think could serve as a trial area would be combining the GBAD procurement with the RCNs CSC procurement incorporating elements like the Millenial cannon and NASAMs as well as Sparrow/SeaSparrow/ESSM, or AMRAAM. 

Likewise Harpoon/SLAM-ER could be ported ashore on a truck mounted launcher to supply Surface to Surface effect.

In terms of "selling" projects, I believe it could reduce the apparent cost of procuring a new platform down to Danish levels because the ordnance, launchers and sensors are "sunk costs" that are independent of the platform. 

The ongoing upgrading of the weapons systems would then become an O&M budget item instead of an add-on to a Capital item.

Your AOPS would then fall back into the 70-100 MCAD range, with a crew of 50 while the CSC would be in the 250 MCAD range with a crew of 100. 

If you needed more bodies for a particular task then, just like Stanflex weapons modules, you could add a Naval Boarding Party module or a SF module or a Lt Inf module.



 
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