the lords of cobol could have been the surviving people of a previous cycle,
they came across a planet with tribal humans on it, established themselves as leaders with technological savy, to tribesmen they would have been gods...
their decendants eventually create another race of cylons that turn on them, they destroy the planet, call a truce, and in abandoning their destroyed planet, departed in 13 colonys, 1 cylon colony to "earth" and 12 human only to establish the 12 colonys of Kobal.
The 13th colony has a shorter cycle because they started out with cylons in the first place, however those skin jobs do exactly what the humans did, adding a temporary 3rd level to the cycle.
so then we have the 12 colony's create the current batch of cylons, they turn on humans, they fight to the almost complete annihilation of both races, then call a truce, this time however they decide to integrate with the existing tribes bringing their tech with them, instead of creating a city of technological advanced people that would overwhelm the existing tribal people, they decide to integrate into one society and bring education with them to the people.
so the pattern could always be a technological race creates another race, that race turns on them, they almost annihilate eachother, then they rebuild and try to exit the cycle which they start to become aware of through cylon memory and scripture/written records.
the first cycle which lead to kobal, they probably thought that by establishing a technologically advanced society, since they had already been through the cycle that they could use their experiance to guide the new society away from the cycle. their teachings became the greek style religion we saw, then after the next society fell, they decided to break the cycle by spreading out to different colony's, then after that didn't work they have decided to integrate into a primitive society... and there is hinting at the end that we may be heading into a delayed cycle or we may break it.