Reserve basic skips out on things, and I know Reg Force Basic is more in depth. That being said I've heard if you get something like 66 + Class B days you will skip on basic.
The component transfer is the most interesting thing in the world, IT varies for everyone. I've heard of a 5 week transfer, i know a girl who transferred over in 3 months. I also know people who have tried to transfer over to get into airforce trades and got declined due to the medical. Lots of guys in my unit have CT ins. I know a guy who will be at the 1 year mark soon with nothing other than the acknowledgement that it has been processed (There are no place in the trade available for him) I know a third guy who will soon be going over the 2 year mark, his unit forgot to notify him about his interview, and now there no more trades for the fiscal year. The rule of thumb is (1-2) years, but even in my few examples you have seen both extremes.
As with anything with the military, your mileage may vary.
There are lots of factors (whether you are changing your trade, what the Cf's needs are and your rank) Right now (From what I've heard) MCPL ACISS can get over no problem, but it is harder for a CPL ACISSS as they require ACISS with leadership positions. This stuff changes all the time, and will vary trade to trade, year to year.
The short term period is relative your job In order to get trained. Again, I know two different infanteers, 1 took two years get trade qualified, and one took 4 months. Different units have different SOPS, some will say get as much OJT as possible, some will say no we don't want you being "a part" of the unit you are trained, you will stay in pat troop until you are done. (The other problem is you can't technically sleep outside without SQ complete, they have added it to basic so it is getting better in that regard. ) The bulk of your training for trades courses will happen in the summer (as it runs the university and highschool schedule) You can do weekend BMQ's and weekend SQ's (rare) as well as weekend driver wheels, as far as I am aware you can't do anything else on a weekend, but I am not sure. My self I got trade qualified in two years. (I could of been trade qualified in 1 year but i turned down the course to do other employment commitments). But most people in my unit were not that lucky, it was only because I was on the first basic in training year, and on the first sq in the summer. It depends.
So the reason if you only plan on just testing the army (I.E Basic and possibly SQ) , depending on your unit you may not get the whole army experience until after you are fully trained (1-2 years). Then you if decided you like the army and put in a CT and wait another (1-2) years to get in. Hopefully, but a CT isn't a guarantee either. My friend and I are trying to figure out when the "best time" for us to put in a CT, so we can get into the regs with the most of our degree complete, but I'd rather get in early as opposed to wait a year after graduating if not longer.
So that way if you had some schooling or left over by the time you decided if you liked it or not you wouldn't be "wasting" time. That being said there would be no problem working civy side and doing reserves on the side, and then waiting. Just if you love the army after the reserves you will be waiting a lot longer then if you were to go in the regs, straight off civy street.
I was the same way as you, I applied for ROTP and got declined, and after I asked myself "Do I really want a career in the army, was that blessing in disguise?" The recruiter told me try the reserves see if you like it. So I did, here I am 2 years later and about to start a driver wheel next week. I love it and wouldn't change a thing. Like you said thoug it is much easier to get out the reserves, I believe all it is a memo and you have to return all your issued kit. I know of two people who have left voluntary since I've joined and I don't remember it being a big deal at all.
I know this is a very long post, but I hope it is helpful. I tried to give as many examples, and tried to tell you as much as possible.
Cheers,